GEORGE CARSON
AND
ANN HOUGH
A Chronology of Their Lives

BY
Jay Nielson

Preface

The impetus for this chronology came in about February, 1980, when the officers of the Family Organization decided to produce a movie about the lives of George and Ann Carson. We had a great deal of information from a variety of sources, much of it new. But is was in no organized form. We decided to organize it, blending it with known Church history, to provide a catalog of the information we did have, and to provided a bases for the movie. Once it was organized, we were very much surprised by the amount and detail of this information. It was at this point that we decided to publish it.

On the whole, it is not the most interesting format to read. However, given the information in this chronology in the setting of LDS Church history, we feel that family members will have, for the first time, an understanding of the day-to-day lives of George and Ann Carson. Indeed, with a little imagination on the part of the reader, they can become very real people.

Throughout the period of gathering information on this family, it was very interesting to note the interaction of other families that became inseparably tied with the Carsons: the Hough's, Frampton's, Egbert's, Ewing's, Griffeth's, Rawlin's, Partridge's, Goddard's, etc. There appears to be a long and close relationship between some of these families. Above all of them, however, there emerged a relationship stronger and more lasting than any other. And that was the relationship between the twin sisters, Ann and Elizabeth Hough. It appears now that they were not separated from each other during the first fifty years of their lives. Elizabeth appears to have lived with George and Ann until her marriage to David Frampton in 1829. Then the Carson's and Frampton's shared their fortunes through another fifteen years or more before the sisters were finally separated in the fall of 1846. Then, for reasons unknown at this time, the Carson's settled in Garden Grove, Iowa, while Elizabeth and her two daughters settled in Mt. Pisgah, about 30 miles west of Garden Grove. After that time, Ann and Elizabeth must have seen each other only occasionally until the death of Elizabeth in 1857.

Aside from the relationship between these two sisters, a close relationship developed between the Carson's and other families. It is interesting to note the circumstances that brought them together, and then kept them together, until the tie was strong and lasting - resulting eventually in marriages. To give the reader a better understanding of the historical background of these families, and the events that brought them into contact, I have assembled the following brief histories.

CARSONS: William Carson, the father of George, appears to have settled in what is now Mifflin County, Pennsylvania, by 1779. He served there in the Cumberland County militia during the Revolutionary War (Mifflin County was not organized until 1789), becoming involved with the Bell, Sigler, and Frampton families at this early date. Samuel Frampton served in the same company of the militia with William in 1782; and the Bell's were also prominent in the militia. All were living in Derry township. William appears to have remained in Mifflin County until the time of his death, which we believe occurred in 1796. Little is known of George's mother, except for information we have that her name was Ruth, and she was born in Pennsylvania. Four of George's brother and sisters married into the Bell family, and one into the Sigler family.

HOUGHS: Jonathan Hough is a descendent of a prominent Quaker family that first settled in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, about 1683. His first wife, Elizabeth Pugh, died about 1778. He married Ann Barton shortly after that, and is listed in the Bucks County Militia in 1780, residing in Plumstead township. Sometime between 1786 and 1788, they moved to Milford township in what was then Cumberland County. Milford township was part of Mifflin County from 1789 until Juniata county was formed in 1831. Jonathan warranted some land in Milford township in 1794; sometime after 1800 he moved his family across the Juniata River to Derry township. Jonathan's wife died sometime before 1810; Jonathan appears to have lived past 1820. Jonathan Hough Jr, second son of Jonathan, moved west prior to 1815, living in Jefferson County, Ohio in 1820. It was probably through his encouragement that the Carsons, along with other Hough families, moved to Wayne County, Ohio, about 1822. In addition to the marriage between George and Ann, there were other marriages between these two families. William Hough (brother to Ann) married Mary Bell, a niece of George, sometime before 1820. When she died, William then married George's sister, Agnes (Nancy), herself a widow, in 1826. Sarah Hough, eldest daughter of Jonathan, married Roger Stayner, and was the mother of Jonathan Stayner who married another niece of George, Jane Bell, in 1822. A son of Jonathan, Isaac, had a son named Jonathan that married Jane Bell, another niece of George, about 1840. It's rather involved, but does illustrate the close relationship that existed between these two families.

FRAMPTON: Samuel Frampton settled in Derry township, Cumberland County, about 1770, coming from Burlington County, New Jersey with two or three of his brothers. The Frampton's are mentioned through the early histories of Mifflin County; Samuel died suddenly of an apparent heart attack in 1798 while walking down the streets of Lewistown. His widow and sons appear in the census records of Mifflin County up through 1820. David Frampton married Rachel Brush before 1820; by 1824, both David and his younger brother, Nathaniel, were in Ohio. Nathaniel first married Laura Brush, sister to David's wife. Laura died in childbirth, and Nathaniel married Laura Farnsworth in Ohio about 1824. When David's wife died, he then married Elizabeth Hough in 1829 in Wayne County, Ohio. About 1831/32, the two brothers, along with the Carson family, moved to Missouri; Nathaniel apparently leaving his second wife in Ohio. Nathaniel married a third time in Missouri. It is believed he left the Church, as he died in Richmond, Ray County, Missouri, in 1883 (probably associated with David Whitmer, who had converted the Frampton's and Carson's in 1831). Ironically, his second wife, whom he left in Ohio, later joined the Church in 1840, moved to Nauvoo, where she remarried and came to Utah in 1852. David Frampton died in Nauvoo in 1843; his wife and two daughters came to Utah. John Kelley, a brother to Nancy Kelley Frampton (mother of David and Nathaniel), also joined the Church and came West.

EGBERTS: John Egbert was born in Staten Island, New York; his wife, Susannah Hahn, was born in Hagerstown, Maryland. They were married in Breckinridge, Kentucky, shortly after 1800. They lived there until moving to Carlisle, Indiana, about 1815. They lived there until 1833, when they moved to Missouri after joining the Mormon Church. The family eventually came to Utah, where Susannah died in the fall of 1856. John died in Kaysville, Utah, in 1871. Two of the Egbert sisters married the two oldest Carson brothers.

GRIFFETHS: Judah Griffeth, the father of Patison, was born in Orleans County, New York, in 1795. Patison was born there in 1824; then the family started moving. They were in Lorraine County, Ohio, in 1828; Page County, Iowa in 1831; Scandia, Kansas in 1833; Warren County, Illinois, in 1839; Concordia, Kansas in 1843; Scandia, Kansas in 1845; and Warren County, Illinois, again in 1850. Somewhere in his travels, Patison came into contact with the Mormon Church and was baptized in 1841. He married Elizabeth Carson in 1846 in Nauvoo. His father, Judah, apparently never joined the Church; he died in Thurman, Fremont County, Iowa, in 1879.

EWINGS: Thomas Ewing, who married Mary Ann Carson, was the son of Alexander Ewing and Sarah Lehman. Alexander was born in Ireland in 1799, came to America about 1820, and died in Philadelphia in 1831 after the birth of five children. His widow remarried in 1832 to Hugh McKinney in Pennsylvania. They had seven more children. By 1846 they had joined the Mormon Church, as they were endowed in Nauvoo on February 2, 1846. They spent the next five years in Garden Grove, there becoming involved with the Carson family. Thomas married Mary Ann in 1850; and Eliza Ann Ewing married Henry William Hale, Sr. in 1851. The Ewing's, McKinney's and Hale's all came west in the Harry Walton Company in 1851 along with the Carson's. They lived in Cottonwood and Cedar Valley, continuing their relationship with the Carson family. There were other marriages between the Hale's, McKinney's, and Carson's later on. Sarah Ewing McKinney is buried at Fairfield.

RAWLINS: James Rawlins and his wife, Jane Sharp, were both born in Pitt County, North Carolina, in 1794. They moved to Indiana in 1817, shortly after their marriage. They were in Montgomery County, Indiana, in 1819; moved to Green County, Illinois, in 1821; and by 1831 were living in Adams County, Illinois. James joined the Mormon Church in the spring of 1840, about a year after the influx of Mormons into Adams County from Missouri. They came to Utah in 1848 with a company of Mississippi Saints, and lived in Mill Creek, Draper, Spring City, Richmond, and Lewiston. Jane died in 1858 in Mill Creek; James in 1874. They had thirteen children, who of which, Amelia Jane (Millie), and Elva Ann, married two Carson brothers, David and George, in 1853.

GODDARDS: Stephen H. Goddard was born in New York in 1810; he married Isabella Bisbee, also a native of New York, in 1833. They had three daughters. He joined the Church and migrated to Far West, Missouri, where his wife died in March of 1839. The next month he was forced to move to Adams County, Illinois, where he married Zeruiah Norwood Robey, a native of Massachusetts, in September, 1839. They moved to Nauvoo, where Stephen helped build the temple, and was on the police force. He taught music, had a beautiful singing voice, and eventually became the second director of the Tabernacle Choir. He was a leader in the first company of Saints that came to Utah in 1847, and was honored in the Jubilee Celebration of 1897 as one of the living pioneers. He lived in Salt Lake, Richmond, Bountiful, and California, where he died in 1898. His second daughter, Ursula, was the second wife of William Huff Carson.

PARTRIDGES: Charles Partridge was born in Madison County, New York, in 1830. His family had joined the Church before 1849, as he married Mary Smith, also a member of the Church and a native of Trumbull County, Ohio, in 1849 while in Iowa. They had two daughters, Mary Ann and Laura, in Iowa. They came to Utah about 1852 and settled in Lehi. At the call of Brigham Young, they moved to St. George about 1865, moving from there to Mona, and then finally Goshen, where Charles died in 1916. Emma Partridge married John Carson in 1876. Her older sister, Mary Ann, married John Carson Jr.

McMINDS: James McMinds was born in Morris, New Jersey, in 1793. His wife, Ann, was born in Orange County, New York, in 1792. They had three known children, William, Emily Ann, and David. They were living in Steuben, New York in 1835. They joined the Church and came West, arriving in Salt Lake September 25, 1847, in the company of Abraham Smoot. It is believed the David remained in the east. Emily married Washington Carson, and when he was killed by Indians in 1856, she married William Huff Carson. Her brother, William, never married; he was living with William Huff in 1898, died in Fairfield, and is buried next to William Huff.

As the family histories that have recently come into our possession provided much of the information contained in this chronology, we felt it would be valuable to include these histories in this pamphlet. Only minor corrections in spelling and punctuation have been made. There are obvious errors and conflicts in these histories; particularly the history coming from the Walker family. I have inserted some corrections in the most obvious of these conflicts; however, I have allowed some misspellings to remain.

As far as possible, we have tried to verify all dates and information contained in this chronology. In some cases, we have had to exercise judgment based on our research. This is particularly true for the dates and routes given for the moves from Pennsylvania to Ohio, and from Ohio to Missouri. As George and Ann left no records, we cannot be sure; however, we feel there are the most likely. The chronology does represent the extent of our present knowledge; however there are undoubtedly errors, and we are ever open to correction.

Our thanks go to the family of Leo C. Carson, the longest living son of John Alma Carson, Jr., who passed away this last February in his eightieth year. Leo, the father of my wife, was descended from William Huff Carson, was a true family man, and very much a Carson. He was one of the last of the real cowboy-cattleman-rancher Carsons of this past century. His family contributed generously towards the publication of this book, and it has been dedicated to his memory.

The sketches of George and Ann included in this book are the work of Cory Lyman. We have an old photograph in our possession that we believe to be of George Carson; however, it has been damaged severely, and was hardly worth reproducing. Failing in our attempts to have it restored, we have tried to recreate it through sketches. The latest sketch by Cory we feel is the best of these efforts, and we have chosen to publish it, at the same time acknowledging that we really have no way of knowing what George looked like. The sketch of Ann was also taken from a photograph in our possession.

As mentioned above, this has been a group effort. Shirley Hogensen deserved the bulk of the credit. Her untiring efforts in researching all the dates of the births, marriages, ordinances, etc. has been truly remarkable. She uncovered the history of Elvira Egbert, obtained the copies of the marriages of William Huff and John, and seems to have something new for us every time we meet. Lynn Carson researched the Garden Grove years, and has provided invaluable guidance throughout the preparation of this chronology. Kathryn Haman, Marion Reese, George and Laura Tanner, and my wife, Alene, has all contributed in some way at our meetings. And we cannot forget all the research and work that has been done by family members over the past 100 years or more, for without them, we would have very little. We can ever be grateful to such family members as Carson Healy, who took the time to interview Elvira and write her history; for Raymond Bell, who has spend years researching the family of William Carson; for Della Circuit, David H. Carson, Emma Hale, Leona Carson, David Ure, Elvin Carson, Russell Carson, and many others, who were to instrumental in founding the organization and carrying on family research all these years.

And finally, we need to thank all the present family members, who have so generously supported the efforts of this Family Organization, and made publications such as these possible. This is but another step in our efforts to collect and the disseminate family information. Hopefully, it will generate the interest in other family members who will yet uncover more interesting facts about the family.

Jay Nielson

Chronological History of George and Ann Carson

June 27, 1794: Ann Hough was born in Milford township of the Tuscarora Valley, Mifflin County (now part of Juniata County). She and her twin sister, Elizabeth, were the last children of Jonathan and Ann Barton Hough, named for Jonathan's two wives. They had come to Mifflin County from Bucks County, Pennsylvania, between 1786 and 1788.

July 17, 1794: George Carson as born in Derry township, Mifflin County, the last child of William and Ruth Carson. William was born in Ireland and Ruth in Pennsylvania. The Carson family lived immediately north of the small town of Alfarata, on the 'Old Road' in Jack's Valley. They were closely associated with the Bell and Sigler families, as five of the Carson children married into those families.

1800 Census: Jonathan Hough Sr. and his family were in Milford township, Mifflin County; Jonathan Hough Jr. was married and living there also. No record of the Carsons; it is believed William Sr. had died prior to 1800.

1808: Jonathan Hough and his family were living in Derry township, Mifflin county; Jonathan is named as one of the supervisors of Derry township.

1810 Census: Jonathan Hough was living his Derry township; his wife had apparently died. William Carson Jr. is listed in Derry township also.

About 1817: George Carson and Ann Hough were married, probably in Mifflin County. George was Presbyterian; Ann was a Quaker.

January 8, 1818: William Huff Carson, the first child of George and Ann, was born in Wayne township, Mifflin County.

November 13, 1819: John Carson, the second child of George and Ann, was born in Mifflin County, probably in Wayne township.

1820 Census: George Carson and his family were living in Wayne township, Mifflin County, where George was engaged in agriculture. Listed as living with George are his wife, two sons, and two other individuals, who we believe to be Jonathan and Elizabeth Hough, Ann's father and twin sister. With the exception of William Jr, who was living in Derry township, all of George's brothers and sisters were living in Decatur township, Mifflin County.

Fall of 1820 to summer of 1821: Jonathan Carson, the third son of George and Ann, was born in Mifflin County, probably Wayne township, date unknown.

July 7, 1822: Elizabeth Carson, the first daughter of George and Ann, was born in Lewistown, Mifflin County, Pennsylvania.

Fall of 1822: George Carson and his family move to Wayne County, Ohio. Jonathan Hough Jr. had moved to Jefferson County, Ohio prior to 1815. Probably at his encouragement, George and Ann Carson, along with David Hough and his family (who were living then in Union County, Pennsylvania) moved to Ohio. Jonathan Hough, Jr. settled in Clinton township, Wayne County, living there until 1837, when he moved to Porter County, Indiana, where he died in 1846. David Hough settled in Wayne township, where he died in 1839. Sometime prior to 1820, David and Nathaniel Frampton, sons of Samuel, also moved from Mifflin County to Wayne County, Ohio.

1824: George Carson is listed as the treasurer of Greene township, Wayne County, Ohio. Another source lists him as an early settler of Greene township. They were living in an area known as 'Sugar Creek'; William Huff Carson recalled that maple sugar was produced in that area.

October 2, 1827: George and David, twin sons of George and Ann Carson, were born in Wayne County, Ohio; probably in Greene township.

August 15, 1828: Rachel (Brush) Frampton, wife of David Frampton, died in North Wooster, Wayne County, Ohio. They had seven children, five of which were alive in 1830.

March 26, 1829: David Frampton and Elizabeth Hough, twin sister of Ann, were married in Wooster, Ohio, by the Justice of the Peace, William Ruffcom.

April 18, 1830: Washington Carson, son of George and Ann, was born in Wayne County, Ohio; probably in Chippewa township.

1830 Census: George Carson was living in Chippewa township with his wife, six sons, and one daughter. Also in Chippewa township were David and Elizabeth Frampton with four sons and two daughters (by David's first marriage.)

July 14, 1830: Elizabeth Ann Frampton, the first child of David and Elizabeth, was born in Wayne County, Ohio; apparently named for the twin Hough sisters.

Middle of June, 1831: George and Ann Hough, on leaving church services one Sunday afternoon, see two men preaching under a tree. They listen and find they are two Mormon missionaries, David Whitmer and Harvey Whitlock. They had been commanded to travel from Kirtland to Missouri, preaching along the way. (See D&C 52:25) Ann joins the Mormon Church that same month; George joined later.

August, 1831: Joseph Smith dedicated the temple site in Independence, Missouri, designating the sururounding area as 'Zion'. He called for all saints to gather to Zion, instructing those returning to Ohio to inform all saints they contacted of the call to Zion.

1832: George and Ann, along with David and Elizabeth Frampton, respond to the call, and travel some 900 miles, probably mostly by flatboat down the Ohio River, then up the Mississippi River to St. Louis, then the Missouri River to Independence.

July, 1832: John Carson is baptized at the age of 12, possibly in Independence, perhaps along the way there.

October, 1832: Elizabeth Carson is baptized at the age of nine, probably in Independence.

March 16, 1833: Mary Ann (Polly) Carson, the last child of George and Ann, is born in Independence.

June or early July, 1833: The John Egbert family arrived in Independence from Carlisle, Indiana, after a long and trying journey. They almost turned back on several occasions. One night a hurricane blew down their tents and tore the wagon covers off, and the rain soaked all their possessions. The father took the storm as a sign of chastisement for their thinking of turning back, so they continued their journey with renewed determination.

July 20, 1833: A mob gathers in Independence and destroys the printing press and the home of W. W. Phelps. Edward Partridge and Charles Allen were stripped, tarred, and feathered.

July 23, 1833: The mob again gathers armed with weapons and threatening violence. A treaty was entered into which would allow the Mormons to remain in Jackson County until January, 1834. Signers of the treaty included Oliver Cowdery, W. W. Phelps, Peter Whitmer, and Harvey Whitlock.

August 31, 1833: William Huff Carson is baptized in the Big Blue River west of Independence by Wheeler Baldwin.

September 28, 1833: A petition outlining the grievances of the Saints in Jackson County was forwarded to Governor Daniel Dunklin.

First week of November, 1833: Mobs attack the Mormons, forcing them to flee Jackson County. The home of the Egberts was among the first attacked. They hurriedly cut a bolt of homespun cloth from their loom and hid it in the loft. The mob ransacked their house and barn, taking everything of value, including one of their best horses.

It was very cold; the ground was frozen and it was raining. The Carsons and Framptons fled into the nearby woods. The women tied the tops of some bushes together and spread blankets over them. The children huddled under the blankets all through the night while Ann and Elizabeth stood watch; Ann was holding 7 month old Mary Ann and Elizabeth held three year old Elizabeth Ann. The men stayed near the edge of the woods and watched their house. They returned the next morning to retrieve what possessions they could, and headed for the river bottoms.

"The shore of the Missouri began to be lined on both sides of the ferry with men, women, and children; goods, wagons, boxes, provisions, etc. while the ferry was constantly employed. . . Hundreds of people were seen in every direction, some in tents and some in the open air around their fires, while the rain descended in torrents. Husbands were inquiring for their wives, wives for their husbands; parents for children, and children for parents."

November 13, 1833: "About two o'clock on the morning of the 13th, we were called by the cry of signs in the heavens. We arose, and to our great astonishment all the firmament seemed enveloped in splendid fireworks, as if every star in the broad expanse had been hurled from its course, and sent lawless through the wilds of ether. Thousands of bright meteors were shooting through space in every direction, with long trains of light following in their course. This lasted for several hours, and was only closed by the dawn of the rising sun."

Elizabeth Carson later described this phenomenon "as flakes of fire, falling like flakes of snow in a snowstorm, remaining light until a few feet from the ground."

November, 1833 to January 1834: Most of the Missouri Saints found refuge in Clay County, where they were well received. The Egberts had left their crops in Jackson County and moved to Clay County "just across the Missouri River, where they had been invited to come and live by the kindly people. And for about five years they were permitted to go about peaceable growing and helping to build up the church. Wards and stakes were organized." Parley P. Pratt relates, "The people in Clay County, as a rule, were kind to the exiles thrown so unceremoniously upon their hospitality. They were permitted to occupy every vacant cabin, and build others for temporary shelter. Some of the sisters obtained positions as domestics in the household of well-to-do farmers, while others taught school."

1834: Elvira Egbert and her brother, Robert, were baptized by Apostle David W. Patten.

November 14, 1834: Sarah Frampton, the second and last child of David and Elizabeth, was born in Clay County, Missouri.

1835 to 1836: "The harvest in converts by the Church Missionary System was being felt in Clay County. From all over the United States, Canada, and Europe they came and many settled there. Their once kind friends, the old settlers, became alarmed as they could see they were fast being outnumbered. The conditions were aggravated by the old enemies in Jackson County, and by the preachers of the Christian Churches there . . . The main part of the Clay County people didn't want to resort to violence, so they reminded the Mormons of their previous kindness to them and asked them to move to avoid possible hostilities."

June 29, 1836: A mass meeting was held in Clay County to seek the peaceful exodus of the Mormons from Clay County. After six months, a new county was formed to the north of Clay County to serve as the permanent home of the Mormons; the new county was named Caldwell County. "It is evident that in the view of the Missourians the saints were getting no choice part of the state when they accepted this prairie country for their habitat. They were simply taking that which the Missourians thought to be worthless."

August, 1836: Far West is founded; the site is selected by John Whitmer and W. W. Phelps.

Fall of 1836 to spring 1838: The of Far West is rapid, reaching a population of over 5,000 by 1838. The Carson's, Frampton's, and Egbert's all located in Far West. There were as many as 15,000 Mormons in the northern counties of Missouri.

March 14, 1838: Joseph Smith arrived at Far West from Kirtland to direct the affairs of the Church.

April, 1838: Oliver Cowdery and David Whitmer are excommunicated from the Church. This was probably a very trying time for the Carson's and Frampton's, as David Whitmer was one of the missionaries that converted them. In addition, John Whitmer, W. W. Phleps, Lyman Johnson, Luke Johnson, John Boynton, and William McLellin were excommunicated, comprising the presidency of the Church in Missouri, and four of the twelve apostles.

Spring, 1838: John Egbert, within a few months of his sixtieth birthday, fell ill from the common chills and fever or malaria that troubled so many at that time. His sons had not returned from an extended hunt in the woods, where they were looking for bees and honey. It was time to start planting, so Elvira, 16, probably along with Corilla, 19, hitched up the oxen and plowed and planted 12 acres of corn. The girls were also expected to help weed and harvest the crops. It was during this spring or summer that the Carson brothers, William and John, saw the two girls working in the fields, and soon became good friends.

August 6, 1838: Hostilities between the saints and the Missourians break out at an election held at Gallatin, Daviess County.

October 2, 1838: Arrival of the "Kirtland Camp" led by Hyrum Smith. It was a group of over 500 saints that had left Kirtland on July 6.

October, 1838: The saints in DeWitt, Carroll County, were forced to leave by the mob. During the first two weeks in October, there were numerous acts of violence perpetrated by the mob that led to the expulsion of the saints from Carroll County about October 16. They fled to Far West for refuge.

As the mob violence grew, it became necessary for the Far West militia to post guards on all roads leading into Far West. Young men were assigned night duty, and William Huff and John Carson were two of those assigned. During these nights, Corilla and Elvira Egbert "made good company, and at times they shouldered the muskets and did the duty themselves so the boys could get some rest."

October 25, 1838: The Battle of Crooked River took place; Apostle David W. Patten was killed, as were Gideon Carter and Patrick O'Banion.

October 27, 1838: The "Exterminating Order" was issued by Governor Boggs.

October 30, 1838: Haun's Mill massacre took place in which seventeen saints were killed and twelve wounded. Haun's Mill is twelve miles east of Far West.

October 31, 1838: The Far West militia stood guard at night, expecting attack in the morning. Col. Hinkle approached the mob under a flag of truce, and reached his treacherous agreement, whereby he pursuaded Joseph Smith, Sidney Rigdon, Parley P. Pratt, Lyman Wight, and George Robinson to parlay with the Missourians. The were immediately arrested.

November 1, 1838: The prisoners were sentenced to be shot the next morning. Hinkle marched the Far West militia outside the city where the brethren, including the Carson's, Frampton's, and Egbert's, gave up their arms. During the next week, the mob plundered Far West, destroying property and forcing the brethren at the point of bayonets, to sign over deeds of trust. No one was allowed to enter or leave Far West.

Stephen H. Goddard, father of Sula, the second wife of William Huff Carson, recalled the suffering of that time, "I was hunted by men, as a deer is hunted in the Western wilds with rifles upon their shoulders; my household furniture was taken by them and upward of 200 dollars of my hard earnings was kept from me; and with my brethren laid my arms down in Far West, a good rifle and sword, and was forced to sign them over at the point of the bayonet, 80 acres of land . . . I had to help to defray the expenses of war as they said, and have not as yet received any remuneration from their hands or hands of this nation for them."

November 5, 1838: The brethren at Far West were ordered by General Clark to form a line, when the names of fifty-six present were called and made prisoners to await their trial for something they knew not what." David Frampton was one of those arrested.

November 6, 1838: General Clark ordered the remaining Saints to leave the state, stating "you need not expect any mercy, but extermination, for I am determined the governor's order shall be executed. As for your leaders, do not once think - do not imagine for a moment - do not let it enter your mind that they will be delivered, or that you will see their faces again, for their fate is fixed - their die is cast - their doom is sealed." The prisoners were then marched off for Richmond.

November 11, 1838: General Clark turns over all the prisoners to civil authorities for trial at Richmond.

November 24, 1838: David Frampton was among twenty-three prisoners released by Judge Austin King.

November 28, 1838: The remaining prisoners were released, except for Joseph Smith and the five others who were sent to the Liberty Jail to await trial.

January 26, 1839: A public meeting was held in Far West to discuss the removal of the saints to Illinois; the meeting was held under the direction of Brigham Young, president of the Quorum of Twelve.

January 29, 1839: Continuation of the public meeting; a convenant was made as follows: "Resolved, that we this day enter into a covenant to stand by and assist each other, to the utmost of our abilities, in removing from this state, and that we will never desert the poor who are worthy, till they shall be out of the reach of the general exterminating order of General Clark, acting for and in the name of the state." David Frampton was one of the signers of this covenant.

Winter and Spring, 1839: Exodus of the Saints to Illinois and Iowa. Most of them settled near Quincy, Illinois, including the Carson's and Frampton's. "In the midst of an inclement winter, in December, 1838 and in January, 1839, many of the Mormon men, women, and children, the sick and the aged, as well as the young and strong, were turned out of their homes, into the prairies and forests, without food, or sufficient protection from the weather . . . numerous families set out at once for Illinois, making the entire distance in midwinter on foot. A large majority, however, remained until spring as under the terms of the treaty they were allowed to remain in the county until that time. All through the winter and early spring those who remained prepared to leave." By April 20th, all had left.

April 16, 1839: Joseph Smith and the others held prisoner escaped from the guards while enroute to Boone County.

April 22, 1839: Joseph Smith arrives at Quincy, Illinois, "amidst the congratulations of my friends, and the embraces of my family."

May 4 - 6, 1839: General conference of the Church was held near Quincy, Illinois.

May 9, 1839: Joseph Smith took his family and moved to Commerce, Illinois, the town that was to become Nauvoo.

May 20, 1839: George Carson files his redress petition:

"Illenois Quincy may the 20 183[9] a bill of Damages a gainst the State of Missouri for Being Driven from the State By a mob -

First for mooveing in to the State $150.00

for propperty Lost in the State $200.00

for leaving the State and Loss of propprty $1000.00

---------

$1350.00

I certify the a bove a count to Be Just and true a cording to the Best of my Knowledg.

George Carson

[Sworn to before C.M. Woods, C.C.C., Adams Co., IL, 18 May 1839]" (Mormon Redress Petitions)

May 25, 1839: William Huff Carson and Corilla Egbert were married at Quincy, Adams County, Illinois, by David Frampton, bishop, and "a legal ordained preacher of the Gospel of Jesus Christ."

November 29, 1839: A petition seeking redress for damages incurred in Missouri was signed by David Frampton, George Carson, and John Egbert. This petition was to be taken to Washington by Joseph Smith.

February 20, 1840: George Carson was ordained a deacon in Freedom Stake, Adams County, Illinois.

March 30, 1840: John Alma Carson, first child of William Huff and Corilla, was born near Parson, Adams County, Illinois.

1840 Census: The families of George Carson, William Huff Carson, and David Frampton were living in Adams County, Illinois. The John Egbert family was living near Nauvoo in Hancock County.

January 31, 1841: John Carson and Elvira Egbert obtained their marriage license at Carthage, and were married near Nauvoo, possibly at the home of the Egberts. John and Elvira returned to Adams County, where they lived another two years.

March, 1841: David Carson, son of George and Ann, was baptized at the age of 13.

December 18, 1841: George Washington Carson, first child of John and Elvira, was born in or near Parson, Adams County, Illinois. On the same date, Mary Ann Carson, daughter of William Huff and Corilla, was also born near Parson.

1842: Nauvoo is growing; the Relief Society is organized, and Joseph Smith prophesied that the Saints would yet be driven to the Rocky Mountains, where they would establish 'settlements and build cities and see the Saints become a mighty people.'

January 29, 1843: David Frampton was killed by a falling tree near Nauvoo. He was 48 at the time of his death.

1843: The Carson's apparently kept their farms in Adams County, but moved their families and some of their possessions to the Nauvoo area for protection from the mobs. John and Elvira moved to LaHarpe, a small community about 20 miles north and east of Nauvoo.

August 20, 1843: William Franklin Carson, second son of John and Elvira, was born at LaHarpe, Hancock County, Illinois.

April, 1844: William Huff Carson was ordained an elder by Ezekiel Peck at Nauvoo.

April 22, 1844: George Washington Carson, son of William Huff and Corilla, was born at Nauvoo, Hancock County, Illinois.

June 27, 1844: Joseph and Hyrum Smith were killed by a mob at the Carthage jail. David Carson recalls that the Carson brothers got on their horses and rode to Carthage after the bodies had been removed. They saw the blood stains on the floor, the bullet hole through the door, and the raised window through which Joseph fell.

June 28, 1844: John and Elvira awoke in LaHarpe deeply depressed. "The cattle were mooing, the horses winnowing, the dogs were howling; everything seemed in mourning. So they took a walk out over their farm. While out they were hailed by a messenger on horseback and told the sad news of the Prophet's death." John Taylor, their friend, and one of the twelve Apostles, was painfully wounded.

August 8, 1844: "Sidney Rigdon had laid claim to the leadership of the Church, but his words had not rung true. On August 8th, when Brigham arose and addressed the Saints assembled, it seemed in the words of Elvira, "that he spoke in the voice and authority of Joseph.' It seemed truly that the saints recognized that the mantle of authority and leadership had fallen on Brigham Young. There was not from then on who was the true leader and whom they would follow." Soon after this, John and Elvira moved to Nauvoo.

1845: "Soon after my return home I went to live with John Hammond at Golden Point to assist him and learn basket making. On December 4, 1844, I married his daughter Mary Almina. I bought an old log house in the neighborhood of John Carson. During the year 1845 the enemies of the Saints continued their annoyances. We had to keep guards out at night to keep track of them and prevent depredations. I took my turn regularly, standing guard, leaving my wife alone during my absence. Finally a treaty was made that all the Saints should leave Nauvoo." (William Watkins Autobiography, typescript, BYU-S, Pg. 3.)

March 8, 1845: George Washington Carson, the first child of John and Elvira, died at the age of 3.

April 9, 1845: William Huff Carson was ordained a Seventy of the 25th Quorum by Moses Martin.

Summer, 1845: The Carson's were "sharing the fortunes of the Saints and doing their share on the Temple and other Public works, and in making preparation for the move to the Rocky Mountains that had been decided on as the new gathering place."

September, 1845: The outlying Saints were told to move to Nauvoo for their safety.

October 28, 1845: Minnie Elizabeth Carson, daughter of John and Elvira, was born at Nauvoo, Hancock County, Illinois.

January 31, 1846: William Huff and Corilla Carson were endowed in the Nauvoo temple, as the temple workers worked around the clock to do as much work as they could.

February 11, 1846: The exodus from Nauvoo begins as about 400 families cross the Mississippi River and move into Iowa. Brigham Young follows with a group on February 15th. By April, most of the Saints have left Nauvoo; a few remain to finish the temple and help dispose of property.

April 26, 1846: Elizabeth Carson was married to Patison Delos Griffeth in Nauvoo.

Summer of 1846: The carson family left Nauvoo, returned to Adams County to gather their belongings, and started their journey through Iowa. Elizabeth Frampton and her two daughters may have been traveling with them.

November, 1846: Between five and six hundred Saints gathered at Garden Grove, about 170 miles west of Nauvoo. This camp was the first stopping place of the first group of Saints, most of whom had moved further west. As the Carson's did not have the provisions required by Brigham Young to continue the journey, they were forced to remain in Garden Grove. Many of the poorest Saints were there, having been brought by others who had been sent back to Nauvoo by Brigham Young to get them. There were only sufficient provisions in the camp to get the Saints through until April. From April to July, when the first crops would be ready, would be what Brother Shurtluff called "a time of suffering."

January 14, 1847: Brigham Young published the Will of the Lord (D & C Section 136) concerning the "Camp of Israel in their journeyings to the West." Each camp was to organize itself into companies consisting of captains of hundreds, of fifties, and of tens. Each company was to prepare itself with everything necessary for the journey west. They were to choose out "a sufficient number of able-bodied men to take teams, seeds and farming utensils to go in advance as pioneers for those who would follow later. Every member of each company entered into a covenant to walk in all the ordinances of the Lord.

January 25, 1847: The plight of the poor in Garden Grove became so great that the inhabitants called upon the mercy of the citizens of the surrounding areas for help. William Huff Carson served on a committee which drafted the appeal. "Be it known to all persons . . the we, about six hundred persons, late citizens of Hancock County, Illinois, were driven from our houses and farms by the hands of our enemies . . and are now encamped on the Pottawattama lands, Iowa Territory. Most of our brethren who had teams and provisions have gone farther West. We are poor, many of our number are widows and orphans . . most of us are nearly destitute of clothing . . unless we receive assistance from some source many of us must assuredly perish . . we invite you to stretch forth your hands with liberality and give to our agents such things as you have which will make the poor widows and orphans hearts rejoice and thank the God of Heaven; and his blessing will rest upon you with fourfold for all you give to the poor persecuted, but honest virtuous and industrious people."

February 8, 1847: Brothers Shurtluff and Hunt leave the camp with the petition in hopes of collecting clothing and money for the Saints.

February 9, 1847: Phoebe Ann Griffeth, the first child of Patison and Elizabeth, was born at Garden Grove, Decatur County, Iowa.

April 3, 1847: Samuel David Carson, son of William Huff and Corilla, was born at Garden Grove.

May 4, 1847: Bros. Shurtluff and Hunt return from a 2,000 mile journey, having collected a wagon load of clothing and some money. The money was probably used to buy food to last the camp until the first crops were ready for harvest in July.

June, 1847: Not all the citizens of Garden Grove were abiding by the covenant which they had made to keep the commandments of the Lord. Luman Shurtluff, a counselor to President David Fullmer, wrote: "We now found that all was not well with us, that we had grafters, thieves and gamblers in our midst."

July 18, 1847: A council was called at the instance of President Fullmer consisting of the High Priests and Elders at Garden Grove, for the purpose of taking into consideration the unchristian-like conduct and apostasy of several individuals. The council consisted of the president, his two counselors, a clerk and twelve others, one of whom was George Carson.

July 24, 1847: Joseph Egbert, brother of Corilla and Elvira, and Stephen H. Goddard, the father of Ursula, are among the first group of pioneers to enter the Salt Lake Valley.

August 2, 1847: President Fullmer, while on a visit to Winter Quarters, was informed that the entire camp of Garden Grove "had all been cut off the Church." He was instructed to return to the camp and to rebaptize all who were worthy.

August 13, 1847: On about this date, all the citizens of the camp at Garden Grove over the age of eight were questioned as to their loyalty to the Church. A proclamation was issued that said the inhabitants supported the decision of the High Council at Winter Quarters to reinstate the branch at Garden Grove, and that all those in the camp agreed to abide by the laws of the Kingdom of God and supported the general authority of the Church. The proclamation was signed by 302 individuals, including the Carsons. At the same time, threats were received by the leaders of the camp from their old enemies in Missouri. About ten men and their families, including the presidency of the camp, were compelled to leave. It was probably at this time that Thomas Kington became Branch president with George Carson as one of his counselors.

September 25, 1847: James and Ann McMinds, with two of their children, William and Emily Ann, arrived in the Salt Lake Valley.

December 12, 1847: John Carson was ordained an elder by President Thomas Kington.

December 19, 1847: George Carson assisted in the ordination of his good friend, George C. Zimmerman, to the office of an Elder.

December 27, 1847: George Carson was a signer of a letter to Brigham Young.

January 18, 1847: A public meeting was held at Garden Grove. The next day, William Huff Carson was appointed Constable of Garden Grove.

March 11, 1848: John Carson Jr., son of John and Elvira, was born at Garden Grove.

April 2, 1848: The Saints at Garden Grove decided to attempt to sell the farm which they had been cooperatively working.

April l6, 1848: At a special meeting held in the morning at the river commemorating the organization of the Church, nine persons were baptized, including the son of William Huff Carson, John Alma. Later in the evening, the camp met together to decide who among them should be sent on ahead to the Salt Lake Valley as pioneers for the camp. Nathaniel Beach and Warren F. Reynolds volunteered. The camp agreed to provide them with clothing, provisions, tools, two pairs of steers, a cow and two plows. In return, the pioneers convenanted to plough, make fences, put in crops, build houses, and make such improvements as they could in preparation for the later arrival of the rest of the camp. The presidency went through the camp to raise money to outfit the two men. William Huff Carson gave $5.00 and John Carson donated 80 cents.

April 11, 1848: A format contract was drawn between the camp and two pioneers.

April 19, 1848: George Carson was appointed as one of the agents "to transact all business pertaining to the Church Property belonging to the Garden Grove branch of the Church."

June 4, 1848: A shipment of donations for the poor arrived. Some of the brethren, including George Carson, were reimbursed for the trouble in collecting the goods.

July 17, 1848: George Carson's 54th birthday. He blessed Mary Jane Henderson, the daughter of John Henderson.

August 6, 1848: A meeting of the branch presidency and the council for the camp was called to determine the membership status of Dr. Roberts. John Carson and William Huff Carson are listed as two of the twelve members of the council.

August 14, 1848: George Carson blesses three children.

September 2, 1848: The saints have discovered that they have no legal claim to the land on which they are camped, and during a special council meeting discuss ways of securing title to the property.

September 17, 1848: George Carson's twin sons, David and George Carson, were ordained Priests by President Thomas Kington.

September 24, 1848: George Carson blesses a baby. This is the last entry in the minute book of the camp until 1851. This time was spent by the familyin securing the wagons and provisions they would need to cross the plains.

November 10, 1848: The Nauvoo temple was burned by Joseph Agnew.

January 5, 1849: George Andrew Griffeth, the second child of Patison and Elizabeth, was born as Greenbush, Warren County, Illinois. Pattison and Elizabeth had apparently returned to Illinois to be with his family.

March 4, 1849: Elizabeth Ann Frampton, daughter of David and Elizabeth, was married to Phillip Smith at Mt. Pisgah (near Talmage,) Union County, Iowa.

Summer of 1849 or 1850: Patison Griffeth hid his young family in a corn patch in Illinois for several hours in a drizzling rain while he went to protect others from the mob.

January 3, 1850: Sarah Frampton, the other daughter of David and Elizabeth, was married to Thomas Smith at Mt. Pisgan, Union County, Iowa.

March 28, 1850: Sarah Ann Carson, daughter of John and Elvira, was born at Garden Grove, Iowa.

June 12, 1850: Thomas Ewing was married to Mary Ann (Polly) Carson, the youngest child of George and Ann. (From the "Frontier Guardian.")

September, 1850: The Territory of Utah was organized.

October 29, 1850: 1850 census taken in Garden Grove lists the families of George, William Huff, and John Carson. Thomas Ewing was living with George. The Griffeth family was living in Warren County, Illinois.

April 6, 1851: The presidency of the Garden Grove branch was reorganized. George Carson was probably released from his position as counselor at this time.

May 17, 1851: The Garden Grove Company left for the Salt Lake valley; in the company were the Carson's, Egbert's, Ewing's, and Griffeth's. They procured the services of Harry Walton at Council Bluffs, Iowa. William Huff Carson was a captain of ten, comprising the Carson Family. There were 60 wagons in the company. William Huff had two yoke of oxen and two yoke of cows; he traded the cows for oxen enroute. Patison Griffeth had two wagons, one drawn by oxen, one by cows. They used the cows for fresh milk.

There were two deaths on the road; those of Mother Thompson and Miss Kingsley. One day the men had been killing buffalo. The oxen smelled the blood, became frightened, and stampeded. Miss Kingsley jumped from their wagon and was instantly killed. William Huff Carson had taken precautions, using some lines of rope to control the oxen; his was the only one that did not stampede. David Carson remembers that at evening, the boys would clear the sagebrush around the campfire, and they would dance and sing the songs of Zion. On the whole, the journey was comfortable and pleasant.

July, 1851: On reaching the Loup River in Nebraska, the company found they could not ford it and had to head it (travel upstream) until they found a place to ford. Just before reaching the main trail, William Harrison Carson, the last child of William Huff and Corilla, was born on July 18, near Loup Fork (now Genoa), Nance County, Nebraska.

September 19, 1851: Louisa Emily Griffeth, the third child of Patison and Elizabeth, was born on the plains near Green River, Sweetwater County, Wyoming. Patison laced rope back and forth, making a temporary bedstead of the wagon box. One family stayed with Patison and Eliabeth while the company drove on. The next morning, the two families hurried to catch up with the company.

September, 1851: One night, near the end of the Journey, Elvira Carson had run out of flour, and had nothing to feed yer young children that night. The paryer of her heart was that her children would not cry for something to eat. She spread a sheet, shook the crumbs from a cracker sack, and told her three young children that that was supper. They gathered up every crumb, and went to bed without a whimper. The next morning, she was able to borrow a pan of flour, and along with the milk they had, was able to make it to Salt Lake.

September 24, 1851: The company arried in Salt Lake. The Carson's moved to South Cottonwood, about 10 miles south of the city, where the pioneers had made preparations for the Garden Grove company.

October 6, 1851: Mary Elizabeth Smith, the first child of Thomas and Sarah Frampton Smith, was born at Mt. Pisgah, Union County, Iowa.

November 9, 1851: George and Ann Carson were rebaptized at South Cottonwood.

December 20, 1851: After a short illness, George Carson died and was buried in South Cottonwood. That same winter, John fell sick, and Elvira had to provide for their family. She managed by spinning and weaving cloth, gathering greens, and boiling down beets for syrup "on shares" for the molasses.

April 21, 1852: Richard Smith, the second child of Eliza Ann Frampton Smith, was born in Pottawattamie County, Iowa. The Smith's, along with Elizabeth Hough Frampton, were apparently on their way to Salt Lake.

July 7, 1854: Corrilla Egbert Carson, the wife of William Huff Carson, died in South Cottonwood, and was buried near her father-in-law, George Carson.

February, 1856: George and Washington Carson, sons of George and Ann, were killed by Indians near Fairfield.

Fall, 1856: Susanna Haun Egbert, the morther of Corilla and Elvira, died in South Cottonwood, and was buried in Union Cemetery, probably near her daughter, Corilla.

December 17, 1857: Ann Hough Carson's twin sister, Elizabeth Hough Frampton, died in Springville, Utah County, Utah.

February 1, 1869: Ann Hough Carson died at the home of her daugher, Elizabeth Griffeth, in Hyde Park, Cache County, Utah, as the result of a ruptured blood vessel caused by coughing. She was 74 years old at the time of her death, and was buried in the Hyde Park cemetery.

Excerpts from the History of Elvira Egbert

Written by her granddaughter, Albertie Griffeth Griffiths

The Egbert's first settled in Breckinridge, Harrison County, Kentucky, which lies about 60 miles south of Cincinnati, Ohio, and here four children were born to them. And here they had their first great sorrow, for in 1812 they lost their oldest child, Grant

In 1816, they moved over the Ohio River to the north and west in the state of Indiana. While on their way, their son John was born. (They were journeying on pack horse when she was taken with the pangs of maternity. They rested from their journey long enough for her accouchement, when she again seated herself in the saddle, and taking her infant son, they all continued their journey.) They settled in Carlisle, Sullivan County, which was about 175 miles west and north of Breckinridge, their first home, but like it, they were favored with water transportation, it being only five miles east of the Wabash River, which empties into the Ohio, and kept them in touch with the doings of the day. In the sixteen years they lived there, they had eight more children born to them.

These frontier folk were close to the soil, a Godfearing and fundamentally religious people, most everyone had the bible, and they read it. They were governed by its teaching of faith, honesty, and virtue. They were acquainted with the miracles of life in the birth and growth of their children, in the clearing of the forest, and springtime mysteries. They were familiar with the stories of the birth of their nation, of Washington, and the American Revolution, and of Thomas Jefferson; also of the War of 1812, and of Andrew Jackson, now president of the United States,

In 1831 and 1832, this whole frontier country was electrified by the news that a young man had found a golden book hidden in a hill in Western New York State, that the book had been given him by an angel, and that he had even seen God, himself, who had instructed him to form a new church. The Egberts had heard that there were missionaries in the Eastern part of Indiana and in Ohio, who had a book that had been translated from these golden plates.

While John Egbert, from the experiences of his boyhood, was disgusted with religion, he felt that this might be something different, so he walked several hundred miles over the eastern part of the state and secured a Book of Mormon. He read it eagerly, and believed its message. One comment he made has come down to us, was that it had made plain many passages in the bible that he could not previously understand.

Soon after, an Elder of the Mormon Church by the name of Allred came to their home and explained this new religion. The father and mother, with some of the older members of the family, were baptized. Their life was now to be associated intimately with the new faith. Little did they dream of the heartaches and trials they were to pass through in their next few years in following a leader who claimed to have communed with God and angels.

Like all who accepted the leadership of this new church, they got the spirit of wanting to be among the main body of saints, and as Jackson County, Missouri, had been designated as the gathering place for the New Zion, they, accordingly, in 1833, set out for a new home with the eleven of their twelve children. The going was hard and the trip was slow and especially trying with this large family. After several days travel thru dust and mud, they began to wonder if their move was ill advised, and naturally they thought of turning back. It became a serious matter with them, as the family was divided as to what to do. Two of the older boys were determined to go on, whether the family went or not, so the parents decided to make a camp along the creek nearby, and reach the final decision the next morning. During the night there was a hurricane with a drenching rain; the tents were blown down, and wagon covers torn off. By morning there was not a dry rag in camp; they were all drenched to the skin. The boys who wanted to go on the night before were determined as ever, but Father Egbert made the final decision. He said the storm was a chastisement to them for ever thinking of turning back, and they would all go on together.

A few more weeks found them settled just outside of Independence, Missouri, but they were not permitted to enjoy their new home long, as the hobocrats were soon busy. They had destroyed the printing press that had published the Evening and Morning Star, the first paper published by the Church.

Oliver Cowdery, W.W. Phelps, John Whitmer, Algernon Sidney Gilbert, Bishop Partridge, and his two counselors had been sent from Kirtland, Ohio, to preside and take charge of the work there. Every move by the Saints to establish themselves had been resented by the Old Settlers. Bishop Partridge and Charles Allen had been stripped, tarred, and feathered on the public square, and there was trouble in the air.

The home of the Egberts being on the outskirts of the settlement, was one of the first to be raided. The family, on being appraised of the approach of the mob, hurriedly cut a bolt of homespun cloth, then being woven on the family loom, hid it in the loft of their dwelling. The home was ransacked, everything of value was taken. The barn was raided, and one of their most valuable horses was stolen. Later, the leader of the mob was seen riding him.

During the raid, Father Egbert asked one of the mob for some tobacco; the robber replied he would rather give him a hot piece of lead, whereupon Grandfather opened his shirt, bared his breast, and told him to shoot. This display of nerve evidently cowed the bravado of the mobber.

They were forced to leave their crops, nearly ready to harvest, and they left for Clay County, just across the Missouri River to the north, where they had been invited to come and live by the kindly people. And for about five years they were permitted to go about peaceably growing and helping to build up the Church. Wards and stakes were organized, and here we have information that Elvira and Robert were baptized by Apostle David W. Patten.

John Egbert was now approaching sixty years of age, and the worry of making new homes, providing for a large family, the common chills and fever or malaria that troubled so many at that time was preying on his constitution and he fell sick. His boys he depended on to help with the Spring farm work had not returned from an extended hunt in the woods where they had gone to hunt for bee trees and honey. Spring time meant that their crops should be planted. Elvira, now in her sixteenth year, hitched up the oxen and plowed and planted twelve acres of corn. Corn was a very important part of the diet of those times and this incident was common to the children of the saints, who felt they were responsible with their parents to plant, and to weed and harvest the crops.

The City of Far West had just been laid out to be a city of Zion, and Caldwell County was recently being surveyed and opened for settlement, and it looked like there was a chance to plant and make their homes in peace there, almost in a body. Hyrum Smith lead a large group on from Kirtland and it wasn't long before there were as many as 15,000 saints in the neighborhood. This infuriated the Missourians, and together with some apostates, the expulsion of the saints was openly advocated, and the old spirit returned with increasing violence. The saints had settled in several of the adjoining countries, and were buying up the rights of the old settlers in the sparsely settled frontier. An election was to be held at Gallatin, Daviess County, August 6, 1838, where hostilities broke out. The saints had been advised by a Judge Morin, and candidate for the state senate, that there was going to be an attempt to prevent them from voting. On that day when a few of the brethren went to the polls, a Col. Wm. Penniston, who had previously led a mob against the saints in Clay County, mounted a platform and told about 100 of the old timers that if they allowed the Mormons to vote they would soon lose their suffrage. He accused the Mormons of the most ridiculous outrages, stealing cattle and horses, also scheming to get hold of the offices of county and state; and he made light of the saints' sacred right to worship God and their belief in prophets and in healing the sick. There were only 11 or 12 of the brethren there but they were determined to vote, and when prevented, fights followed and noses were broken. One of the Mormons by the name of John D. Buhler filled with patriotic American indignation, seized a club and knocked down men right and left. The crowd disbursed and the brethren went home, hid their families in the brush, and stood guard over their home that night.

About that time two of the Egbert girls, Corilla and Elvira, were to meet two young men who were to influence the rest of their lives. They were William and John Carson; perhaps they had met before as the two families had landed in Jackson County about the same time. But now these young people were to be drawn together seriously in a most unusual way.

The roads leading to the towns occupied by the saints were being guarded and the two boys were called on to do this duty. At night the young ladies made good company and at times they shouldered the muskets and did the duty themselves so the boys could get some rest. William was twenty-one and Corilla was 19 and soon they were married. John and Elvira were to remain sweethearts for a few months more.

The battle of Crooked River had been fought in which the beloved Apostle David. W. Patten had been killed. Several of the Saints had been killed at Hahn's Mill and Governor Boggs had issued his infamous extermination order wherein all the Mormons must leave the state or die. They were not without friends, however. The story of the inhuman treatment had been herald in the adjoining states, and there were kind hearted people who extended sympathy in the State of Illinois, also in Iowa.

The Prophet Joseph Smith, his brother, Hyrum, Sidney Rigdon, Parley P. Pratt and others were in chains in prison. The plans of the leaders had been frustrated, the Zion of the dreams of the Saints had vanished, several of the leaders had turned traitor. Where could they go for hope?

The Prophet advised them to go East and settle some place between Far West and their old home in Kirtland. Who was to lead them? Thomas B. Marsh, the President of the Twelve, had turned traitor. There remained a majority of the Twelve and Brigham Young was next in line. He had been busy doing the things that came to his notice that needed doing. We now hear him pleading with his brethren to help him get the poor out of the reaches of the mob among friends where they could get food and a chance to make a living. Friends were raised up in Illinois, Collections were taken up to help them. John Egbert and family did their share of moving and helping others. They located in Adams County near Quincy, Illinois.

In the meantime, the Prophet Joseph Smith Jr. had been released from Liberty Jail and had purchased for the Church a large tract of land at Commerce, Hancock County, Illinois, about 40 miles to the north. He had been able to do this by giving his notes to new friends he had made. Some of the Egbert family moved to Hancock County. Here we have records of Elvira being married to John Carson, January 31, 1841. And of returning to Adams County and living two years. They later moved to Laharpe twenty miles east of Nauvoo. While there, a day never to be forgotten is remembered. The Prophet Joseph Smith had been arrested and taken to Carthage, the County seat, for trial. While in jail under the supposed protection of Governor Ford, the jail was mobbed, and Joseph and his brother, Hyrum, were killed, and John Taylor, their friend and now one of the Twelve Apostles, was painfully wounded.

On June 28th, John and Elvira were deeply depressed. The cattle were mooing, the horses winnowing, the dogs were howling; everything seemed to be in mourning. So they took a walk out over their farm. While out they were hailed by a messenger on horseback and told the sad news of the Prophet's death. Another day that stands out in her memory was when the Saints had met on August 8th following that sad day of June 27th, when the Prophet met his death. The Twelve were scattered mostly through the eastern part of the nation and only two were in Nauvoo. Brigham was in or near Boston, and it was several days before the sad word had reached them. As soon as it did, they all hastened home to Nauvoo.

Sidney Rigdon had laid claim to the leadership of the Church, but his words had not rung true, On August 8th, when Brigham arose and addressed the Saints assembled, it seemed in the words of Elvira "that he spoke in the voice and authority of Joseph." It seemed truly that the saints recognized that the mantle of authority and leadership had fallen on Brigham Young. There was no doubt from then on who was the true leader and whom they would follow.

Soon after this the family moved to Nauvoo and we find that their daughter, Elizabeth, was born there on the 24th of October, 1845. They were sharing the fortunes of the Saints and doing their share on the Temple and other Public Works, and in making preparations for the move to the Rocky Mountains, that had been decided on as the new gather place. They were now on their way as we find them in 1846 leaving for Garden Grove, and they were on their way by planting crops for those to follow. They left Garden Grove for Great Salt Lake Valley in 1851 and traveled in Captain Walton's Company.

Several incidents of the trip to the tops of the mountains are worth mentioning. One, a stampede of the animals where a woman was killed, trampled to death by the oxen and wagons. Grandmother stated that they had been advised to stay with their wagons while they were stampeding and not attempt to jump out, and this woman, in fright, had attempted to free herself from the wagon and met death as a result.

Another interesting circumstance was when, near Utah, they had run out of flour. A prayer of her heart was that her children would not cry for something to eat; on the day in question when they camped for the night, she spread down a sheet and shook a cracker sack free of crumbs, and told her three children that that was their supper. They crawled around and gathered up every crumb, and went to bed without a whimper. When morning came, she was able to borrow a pan of flour, which, along with the milk they had, we was able to make last until they arrived in the valley September 25, 1851. They settled in Little Conttonwood, or Union, where they stayed for three years. Here two daughters were born to them. Her husband at this time fell sick, and the burden of providing food and clothing for the family of four children fell on her. She managed by spinning and weaving cloth, gathering greens, boiling down beets for syrup on shares for the molasses.

On December 15, 1855, they moved to Fairfield, but due to the hostility on the Indians they moved to a small settlement near Cedar Fort for greater safety, and on returning to Fairfield they repeated their experiences in Union, and she remembers that for three weeks they never tasted bread.

Then they moved to Lehi while awaiting the coming of Johnson's Army, and lived in a dugout. They were later advised to move back to Fairfield, as by now (1858) Johnson's Army was peaceably established there. With the Army came the usual camp followers and questionable characters. A new problem never encountered by them before was at their doors; they had to protect their children from the wickedness of the world. Time and time again they refused large sums of money that was offered them just for permission to escort their daughters to the theater; it was always refused; and they managed to keep their children from too close association with the army and its followers.

Her husband had his temptations, too. Time and time again he was offered the privilege of purchasing condemned food from scoundrel officers who would bilk the government. This food, like beans, ham, and bacon, and clothing, would find a ready sale to immigrants on the way to the gold mines in California. They were on the stage lines to the coast about 30 miles from Salt Lake. During her residence here, the family was interested in Church activity and she especially was interested in the Relief Society organization, while her husband acted as presiding elder and Bishop.

They had impounded a spring and her husband was interested in a grist mill that was run by water power. People came from great distances to have their grists ground on the old stone grinders.

(The above memoirs were given to H. Carson Healy, a grandson, during the summer of 1901 at Provo Bench (Orem), Utah. A copy was located in the Brigham Young University library.)

History of David Carson

David Carson was born in Wayne County, Ohio, October 2, 1827. His parents joined the Church when he was a small boy. He was at Nauvoo when the Prophet and Patriarch were killed.

He and his brothers got on their horses and went to Carthage jail after the bodies had been removed. He saw the blood stains on the floor and the bullet hole through the door and the window raised from where the Prophet jumped.

He was with the Saints when driven out of Jackson County, Missouri. He came to Utah with his parents in 1851 in Harry Walton's Company of fifty wagons. He said they would drive all day through the hot sun and at night by the campfire the young men would clear away the sagebrush and they would dance and sing the songs of Zion.

After arriving in Utah he freighted from Salt lake to San Bernardino, California, and brought supplies for the Saints.

On July 31, 1853, he married Millie Jane Rawlins. In 1855 he moved to Camp Floyd. In 1856 he had two brothers killed by the Indians-his twin brother and a younger one. Each left a wife and baby.

In 1864 he and his brother-in-law brought the first threshing machine to Cache Valley. He made the remark, "I am going to have a home here," and on July 1, 1866, he moved his family to Richmond, Cache County. He was one of the first to file on a homestead.

On June 10, 1874, he moved his family onto a farm and endured the hardships of pioneering. In 1878 his crops were taken by grasshoppers and the following winter was a severe one but he remained on the farm and made a beautiful home.

He died November 23, 1905, at Richmond, Cache County, Utah.

(Written by his granddaughter, Alice LaPreal Buxton Webb.)

History of Elizabeth Carson Griffeth

Elizabeth Carson, my grandmother, was born July 7, 1822, at Lewiston township, Mifflin County, Pennsylvania. Her parents were George Carson and Ann Hough. She was the third child of a family of eight. Her parents joined the Church when she was a young girl, and they suffered many of the persecutions that the early Saints passed through.

One night when a mob came upon them, the women took what bedding they could carry and their little ones and fled to the woods for safety. They tied the bushes together, spread the quilts over them, and they put the children underneath, thus partly protecting them from the heavy storms of rain, thunder, and lightening, while the mothers stood guard with their young babies in their arms. The husbands and brothers stayed as near home as they dared, to save all that they could.

Many of the homes were burned but my grandparents' home was spared, to which they returned in the morning.

Another time, Grandfather took Grandmother and her two small children (my father as the younger one) out into a corn patch, where they stayed several hours in a drizzling rain, while Grandfather went back to help protect the city from the mob.

Grandmother saw the falling stars spoken of in Church history. She described them as flakes of fire, falling like flakes of snow in a snowstorm, remaining light until a few feet from the ground.

Grandmother was married to Patison Delos Griffeth on the 26th day of April, 1845, in Nauvoo. Her family, the Carsons, came to Utah but she remained in Illinois until 1851.

Her husband laced rope back and forth, making the wagon box into a temporary bestead on which their bed was made while crossing the plains. While camped on the Green River in Wyoming she gave birth to a little girl. One family stayed with them while the company drove on. The next morning the Griffiths and friends drove fast until they caught the company.

After they reached the Valley, they suffered greatly from the depradations of the Indians. Two of Grandmothers' brothers, Washington and George, were killed the same day. If her husband would have stayed at the ranch a few minutes longer, he too would have been killed.

They were among the early settlers of Cache Valley, being one of the first families in Hyde Park, Utah.

Grandmother had a family of eight: Phoebe, born 9 February 1847; Andrew, born 5 January 1849; Louisa, born 29 September 1851; Lovina, born 9 February 1854; Marinda, born 7 March 1857; Urmina, born 12 January 1860; Mary, born 17 July 1862; Patison Delos born 2 march 1867. (Patison died when only a few weeks old.)

Grandmother was a tall stately woman with auburn hair and rich brown eyes that looked like velvet. She was rather quiet, a real home-body, yet she had time to work in the church. She was active in Relief Society work, being counselor to the president at one time.

I never remember seeing Grandmother without her hair combed and without her black lace cap on her head and black drop-earrings. She often wore checked waist aprons with cross-stitch trimming.

Her house was one large log room, which served for bedroom and living room. She had two double beds in there and they were always made and the white spreads on them before we children were awake.

She had white crocheted throws over the backs of her chairs and over the corners of the picture on the wall. Everything was so white and orderly in that room always... , well, it was orderly throughout the whole house.

On the north was a lean-to room with a door in the east and window in the north. This was the kitchen. The stove was at the east end by the north wall, the cupboard by the west wall, and the table in between. South of the cupboard you went out of a door and up a winding stairway to a large bedroom. You came into that room at the northwest corner. In the northeast corner, with the head to the east, was the bed where we children slept when visiting our grandparents. There was a window in that east wall and a picture of a bird on a limb... I think it was a bluejay.

The greatest thrill of sleeping there was being awakened by the lowing of the town cow herd as the cows were being driven to the pasture west of town. I would always jump out of bed and watch until they were all out of sight and look at the bird for a few minutes before dressing.

The bed where my parents usually slept was in the south side of that room, but they were always gone and the bed made up before the cows woke me. As you came into the room, right by the door, there was a chest where Grandmother kept her linen. When my baby sister was born, I remember Grandmother coming up for something and when she saw that I was awake she said, "Did you know that there was a little kitten in bed with your mother?" I remember how she stood there and smiled as I peeked over Mother's shoulder and saw the new baby.

It was always a pleasure for me when Grandmother would say, "Bertie, would you like to go down the cellar with me?" We would go out of the east door, into the open shanty, which Grandmother used in summer when she prepared vegetables, peeled apples for drying, etc. At the east was the deep well with the proverbial "Old Oaken bucket"..two of them.

One went down as the other came up full of water. The well was very deep and rocked all the way up, with a good high curbing so no child could fall into the well.

By the side of the well was a black walnut tree where we children cracked nuts with rocks. But we were going to the cellar, weren't we? Well, when we got out of the east door, instead of going east to the well, we would turn north on the path that led to the clothes lines. After going few steps north we would turn west then north to a door which led down into the cellar under the granary. The cellar was only a hole dug in the hard ground with the granary for a covering. There as a wide shelf, just off the ground, all around it. On that shelf Grandmother would set her milk, butter, and food she wanted dept cool. I enjoyed helping carry food up for a meal. I thought it was wonderful because she would carry a full pan of milk in one hand as I remember how big I felt when I could do the same. She always had honey and cucumber pickles on the table.

She was a bee-woman. She could handle the bees with her bare hands when putting them into a new box. She used to go all over Hyde Park taking out honey and boxing swarms of bees. Their Apiary, with a goodly number of swarms, was out northeast of the house by an apple tree that had yellow sweet apples on it. I think Grandmother called them "Golden Sweets." She would say, "go out by the beehives and get you a good sweet apple." And many of those sweet apples I have eaten when I really wanted a good juicy, sour one from the tree down in the southeast corner of the lot.

Her homemade canker medicine was kept over the door between the front room and the kitchen. We usually all got a spoonful of it when we were there. Grandfather married a second wife, Sarah Gibson Roberts, so they had the experience of living in polygamy. When the "deps" got so severe with the polygamists, Grandfather was forced to move his second family to Star Valley, Wyoming, so Grandmother was left alone for days at a time, but she never complained.

She didn't play with us children but she never spoke an unpleasant word. Grandfather would say, "You children run out and play while I read to you father." But Grandmother never seemed annoyed at anything we did.

Grandmother was always a faithful latter-day Saint. While on a visit to her daughter's home in Star Valley, Wyoming, she was taken sick and died on November 7, 1898. She was brought to Hyde Park for burial.

(Written by her granddaughter, Albertie Griffeth Griffiths.)

History of William Huff Carson

The eldest child of George and Annie (Hough) Carson was born in Mifflin County, Pennsylvania, January 8, 1818.

The first five years of his life were spent in Pennsylvania, after which, with his parents, his early boyhood and young manhood was spent partly in Ohio and partly in Illinois.

As regards this worlds goods, his parents were in humble circumstances but they were able to maintain their large family in comfort, and whenever they stopped long enough in a place, his father entered land, owned his farm and raised excellent crops.

While living in Stone's prairie, Adams County, Illinois, when twenty-one years old, he married Corilla Egbert, daughter of John and Susanna (Haun) Egbert May 26, 1839. Of five children born of this union, four were born in Illinois; their names were John Alma, Mary Anne, George A., Samuel D., and William H.

His vocation has ever been that of farming and stock raising by means of which he acquired a comfortable competence, enabling him to live in comparative independence.

While living with his parents on Sugar Creek in Wooster (Wayne) County, Ohio, his father, who was by predilection a Presbyterian in religious belief (his mother was a Quaker) was attending church one Sabbath day, when there came to the meeting the Mormon elders, David Whitmer Harvey Whitlock. After Services the elders went out under the trees and preached Mormonism; his father and mother attending were impressed with the sermon and ultimately converted to that belief, and with others united with that church. Afterward when the family were living in Jackson County, Missouri, the subject of this sketch also united with the church, was baptized in the Big Blue and confirmed by Wheeler Baldwin. He was then fifteen years of age. This same year, 1833, his father moved into Clay County, staying some five years, when he again moved into Caldwell County, and shortly thereafter into Adams County, Illinois where they all remained some twelve (seven) years.

In 1851, he then being the father of four children and wishing to make a permanent home with the people of his religious belief, together with his father and family and other members of the church, began outfitting for Utah. In April some sixty wagons were ready and the journey was commenced. His own wagon was supplied with the usual necessities for the trip. He had two yoke of oxen and two yoke of cows. The latter he traded off enroute for oxen.

Their route was up the North Platte. The Company was under the command of Harry Walton by church direction. As was customary the company was organized in parties of ten, and William H. Carson was one of the Captains.

On reaching the Big Horn river it was found to be unfordable and the company headed it. Just before reaching the main road again, William Harrison Carson, his fifth child, was born.

There were two deaths on the road, those of mother Thompson and Miss Kingsley, the latter was killed by jumping out of the wagon while the team was running away and was instantly killed. The men had been killing buffalo, and the oxen smelling the fresh blood became frightened and ran wildly away. Captain Carson's team was the only one that did not stampede. He had taken the precaution to adjust some lines of rope and with these he succeeded in controlling his oxen. These were the only casualties during the entire journey, which on the whole was comfortable and pleasant.

In September 1851, they reached Salt lake City and after resting awhile, they settled in Little Cottonwood, ten miles south of the City. This same fall his father, George Carson, passed into rest and was buried there. July 7, 1854, his beloved wife also passed into rest and was laid beside his father. In 1855 he married Triphena Ursula Goddard. By this union he had three children, Stephen H., Oscar, and Isabel. In 1856, Mr. Carson with others, having first built a fort in Cedar Valley, moved with their families to Camp Floyd (now Fairfield) in Utah County, where he has continued to reside for the past 42 years. In Cedar Valley, he married his third wife, Emily Ann McMinds. Their children were: Julia Ann, Mary Emily, Mariah, Louis, Frank and Edith.

His life career has been that of a man of character well defined. Of Scotch-Irish ancestry, his whole life has been a beautiful reflection of those graces that enabled his grand-sire, and made the name Scotch Presbyterian, the synonym of Christianity and liberty. His grandfather William Carson emigrated from the north of Ireland to America in time to take up arms in defense of American Independence. Such is the ancestral blood of William Huff Carson, and we see the characteristics, worship of God, love of liberty, fidelity to purpose, and devotion to family, have formed expression in all his church association, making him the trusted church member; and the beloved husband and father. For 65 years he has been connected with the Mormon Church, bearing with his co-religionists the privations, cares and toils incident to their history with a resolution and fortitude admirable to contemplate, ever hopeful and helpful, giving of the first fruits of his spirit according to his highest intelligence, he has interpreted the dream of life in such fairness as to command the law and respect of all who know him. Such indeed is his life record. Truly it may be said of him, he is the worthy descendent of a noble and patriotic ancestry.

George Carson

Father of William Huff Carson, was born in Mifflin County, Pennsylvania in 1784 (1794). He married Annie Huff (Hough), the twin daughter and last of birth of Jonathan Huff, a Quaker of English birth and a farmer by occupation. George Carson was 34 (24) years of age when his first child was born. Five years afterward he moved to Wooster (Wayne) County, Ohio at a place called Sugar Creek, where they made maple sugar. There he stayed some ten years. This was the first time that he was ever twenty miles from home, the place of his birth.

After uniting with the Mormon Church he followed the fortunes of his co-religionists leading a pastoral life, moving from place to place, stopping a few years at a time, finally remaining some twelve (seven) years in Adams County, Illinois, Previous to his removal to Utah in the spring of 1851. This last journey he made in his sixty-seventh (57)th year accompanied by his faithful wife and all their children, reaching Salt lake City just four years after the first settlers. We may reasonable think that the isolation and barrenness of the country together with anxiety for personal safety from marauding Indians must have made his stout heart quail and his resolute will to occasionally falter, when he fully realized their temporal situation and the utter desolation around them. Nor did he find a home on reaching Salt Lake city. Some ten miles further on his lot was cast, and after a few days rest, they took up the line of travel and moved to South Cottonwood where he hoped to established is household in peace, and rest from his journeyings. Brave frontiersman, ideal pioneer (When he united with the Mormon church, the horrible practice of polygamy was not taught). With courageous fortitude he set about the necessary work of preparing for winter needs. But his arduous work was brief: a few short weeks of anxious concern for his loved ones, and he was taken ill with a cold from the effects of which he was not to recover. After a short illness he passed into that rest that knows no rude awakenings from toil or danger. He died in the fall of 1851. His dear wife survived him several years and died from the effects of a ruptured blood vessel while coughing. She was buried in Hyde park, Cache Valley. The children of George and Annie Huff Carson were: William Huff, John, Elizabeth, Jonathan, George, David, (these last two were twins) Washington, and Polly Ann. Their son John was bishop of Provo for over thirty years. Washington and George were killed by Indians in the early days of Utah. George went with the sheriff of Provo to arrest a bad Indian named Qintic who was making much trouble for the settlers, when he was shot by Qintic and instantly killed. A few morning afterwards Washington with another man went a very short distance from his home to bring in a new milk cow and calf, when they too were shot and instantly killed by Indians who were prowling in the neighborhood. All the sons of George Carson were farmers.

EGBERT

Corrilla Egbert the first wife of William Huff Carson was the daughter of John Egbert and Susanna Haun, his wife. She was born in Carlisle, Sulivan County, Indiana, June 10, 1820. She married Mr. William H. Carson May 26, 1839, when in her 19th year. She died at the age of 34 years very suddenly and was buried in South Cottonwood, Salt Lake County, Utah. Her death at this early age was the result of Utah pioneer hardships and privations and lack of proper medical attention.

John Egbert, her father, was born on Staten Island in 1776. He was apprenticed in boyhood to the shoemaker trade, which occupation he followed all his life. He married his wife in Breckenridge, Kentucky, where they lived until they had four children, when they removed to Indiana about the year 1817. He was then about 36 years old. In religious belief he was a Mormon. He was the father of 13 children by Susanna Haun. Their names were: Grant, Parlie, William, Samuel, John Joseph, Curila, Elvira, Robert, Andrew, Jackson, Hannah, and Annie. He moved to Utah in 1850 and died in Kaysville, Utah, in the fall of 1872 aged 96 years.

Susannah Haun his wife, was born in Breckenridge, Kentucky, in 1784. Her mother dying when she was quite young, she was adopted by an Irish lady with whom she lived until her marriage. She came to Utah with her husband in 1850 and died in South Cottonwood, Salt Lake County, Utah, in the fall of 1856, aged 72 years. She was of Dutch descent. Grandpa Carson, who is now in this A.D. 1898 living, and 80 years old, relates that his mother-in-law in personal appearance was short in stature and quite stout, but was very smart and active and physically strong. He told the circumstances of her giving birth to her son Samuel. They were journeying on pack horse from Kentucky to Indiana when she was taken with the pangs of maternity. They rested from their journey long enough for her accouchement, when she again seated herself in the saddle, and taking her infant son, they all continued their journey. Their son Joseph was one of the 1847 Utah pioneers.

(The above histories on William Huff, George Carson, and the Egberts, were prepared by a descendent of Joseph Robinson Walker and Mary Ann Carson in 1898.)

The Ancestry of Ann Hough Carson

The Hough family that were the ancestors of Ann Hough Carson originated in Hough, Wilmslow parish, Cheshire, England. It is believed that John Hough I, (parentage unknown at this time) was married to a Hannah about 1680 in England, in or near Cheshire. Their first son John Hough II, was born about 1682. They were apparently a family of some substance, as they paid for the passage of five others, who indentured themselves. They were Thomas Hough, Nathaniel Watmough, George and Isabella Gleave, and their son, George, Junior. John also brought many provisions to start a business. He was granted a land warrant in Chester county the day of his arrival; but instead, he settled in Middletown township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania.

John and his family were Quakers, and undoubtedly came to Pennsylvania to escape the persecution in England, and to take advantage of the hospitality of William Penn. They were members of the Falls Monthly Meeting n Bucks County, although John is mentioned only as attending some marriages, and, shortly after his arrival, in 1684, was "dealt with for fighting and drinking inordinately." He purchased 250 acres of land in Middletown township in 1699. John and Hannah had seven more children, born between 1684 and 1703. John Hough I died intestate about January, 1732.

John Hough II. married Elinor Sands, daughter of Stephen Sands, in 1714. In the spring of 1725, John and Elinor moved to Solebury township, Bucks County, settling on the Delaware River on property next to Stephen Townsend. At the time they moved, they had six children; two more children were born in Solebury. John died in 1744. In his will, he left his 50 acres to his wife, and named his surviving children.

John Hough III., the eldest child of John and Elinor, apparently rebelled against the strict Quaker way of life. In September of 1740, the overseers of the Buckingham meting "gave an account that John Hough Jr. has been very disorderly in his conversation, being charged by a young woman as being the father of her child, also that he has left these parts at present." All through 1741, he was treated with, and finally disowned January 4, 1742. He apparently married the girl, Hannah Townsend, daughter of their neighbor, Stephen, in 1742. They had four children; John, born about 1740; Mary, born about 1743; Eleanor, born about 1745; and Jonathan, born in 1747 (father of Ann.) Hannah is listed as John's wife in a land record of 1751; however, she must have died prior to 1757, as John married an Olive Rogers in Philadelphia in the fall of 1757. John and Olive had two daughters, Martha and Sarah. John Hough III. died intestate on September 23, 1771; and administration of his estate was given to his widow, Olive, on October 31, 1771. In December, Daniel Hough, brother to John III. was named guardian for Jonathan.

Jonathan Hough was married about 1769 to Elizabeth Pugh, daughter of David and Sarah (Morgan) Pugh, Welsh Quakers of New Britain township. The Pugh family had moved to New Britain township from Gwynedd, Philadelphia (now Montgomery) county, in November, 1762. Prior to that time, David's first wife had died, and David had "acknowledged that he had married a first cousin to his first wife, Hannah (Morgan) Lewis. Hannah was the daughter of Edward Morgan of Gwynedd, and had married Thomas Lewis in 1735. They had one known child, Esther, who was married at Plumstead meeting in 1767. (The Morgan family was a prominent Quaker family; Sarah Morgan, a sister to both Edward and William, the father of Davis's first wife, married Squire Boone, and was the mother of Daniel Boone, the famous frontiersman.)

In 1771, Johnathan and Elizabeth Hough attended a wedding held in the Plumstead meeting house. (The Plumstead meeting was subordinate to the Buckingham Meeting, never became a Monthly Meeting, and thus never kept its own records.) Others attending this wedding were Mary (Hough) Preston, Sarah (Townsend) Smith, and Mary (Townsend) Skelton Carey, all aunts of Jonathan. Mary Carey's step-daughter was the bride. Jonathan's attendance at this wedding is the primary basis for our acceptance of John and Hannah (Townsend) Hough as the parents of Jonathan.

Jonathan and Elizabeth were apparently living in New Britain township, as he appears on New Britain township tax lists in 1778, and an Oath of Allegiance list in 1777. He apparently was living in an eastern part of New Britain township that became a part of Palmstead township in 1780, as he is listed as a resident of Plumstead township thereafter.

Jonathan's first wife, Elizabeth, died of the flu in August, 1777. About 1778, Jonathan married Ann Barton, apparently also of New Britain township. tie has not been proven at this time; however, Ann was probably the daughter or granddaughter of Joseph Barton, who died and left a will in 1778, or a granddaughter of Thomas Barton, who died intestate in 1784. Joseph's daughter, Ann, is named in his will as being married to a Weaver. The Barton family was of Welsh origins, probably Quaker. Thomas Barton was baptized into a Welsh Baptist congregation about 1758. Joseph appears to have settled earlier in Gwynedd, purchasing land in Bucks County in 1745.

Jonathan Hough and his family were still living in Plumstead in 1786, being listed in the tax records. At about this time, John Barton, a son of Thomas, left with his wife for the Juniata Valley. It is not known at this time if Jonathan and his family went with John, followed him later, or even preceded him. We do know, however, that Jonathan and his family were living in the Juniata Valley (more precisely, Milford township in the Tuscarora Valley, just south of the Juniata River) in 1788. He appears on the Milford township tax records of Cumberland County in those years. Mifflin County was formed in 1789, and Jonathan is listed in the 1790 and 1800 censuses in Milford township. Ann and Elizabeth Hough, the twin daughters of Jonathan, were born in 1794. Sometime prior to 1808, Jonathan moved his family to Derry township, Mifflin County, as he is listed as a "Supervisor" of that township in that year. his was the same township in which most of William Carson's children were living.

Ann Barton Hough apparently died prior to 1810, as she is not listed in the census that year. It is not known when Jonathan Hough died It is believed that he was the elderly male listed living with George Carson in 1820. If so, Jonathan may or may not have lived to travel with George and Ann (Hough) Carson to Ohio in 1823.

(Much of the information listed above appears in the book, The Hough's of Bucks County, Pennsylvania," published in 1975 by Orville Louis Hough. The remainder of the information comes from family research and from Raymond Bell of Washington, Pennsylvania.)

In the spring of 1788, a Jonathan Hough (believed to be our Jonathan) signed a petition in Plumstead township asking for mercy for two Doan brothers. The Doan family lived in Plumstead township, and during the Revolutionary War, were Tory sympathizers. In the later stages of the War, they terrorized the local neighborhood, robbing, looting, and burning, to further the British cause. The two brothers were arrested, tried for treason, and eventually sentenced to hang. The petition of 1788 apparently was the final try by the Plumstead citizens asking the State to spare their lives. They were executed anyway, leaving wives and children.

It was rather common at that time for members of the Society of Friends who became disenchanted with the Quaker society to leave the established strong holds of the Society, moving to the frontier to escape the strict regulation of their lives. It appears that this may have been the case with Jonathan. Jonathan's father was in trouble with the Society throughout his life, for drinking, swearing, and marrying out of the Society. Jonathan's uncles and cousins were condemned for gambling, and marrying out of the Church. We can only speculate as to Jonathan's feelings and beliefs. One of his uncles, Nathan Preston, was one of the prominent Quaker leaders in Plumstead township. Jonathan did attend the one known wedding. On the other hand, Jonathan was probably not a member of the Society, as his parents were disowned. My feeling is that he was probably a religious man, but had mixed feelings about the Society of Friends. He was well enough to be thought of to be made a supervisor in Derry township in 1808. Yet I feel it likely that the move from Buck's County to Mifflin County was in reaction to the strict Quaker society of Buck's County.

There is a trail appearing on Mifflin County maps leading from Milford township over the mountains to Wayne township called "Huff's Trail." Raymond Bell feels this was likely named for Jonathan Hough, and that he probably lived somewhere along the trail on the Milford township side.

Bibliography

B. F. Bowen and Company, "History of Wayne County, Ohio," Indianapolis, Ind., 1910, page 370.

Ben Douglas, "History of Wayne County, Ohio," 1878, page 677.

H. Carson Healy, "History of Elvira Egbert Carson," Brigham Young University Library, MSS SC 170.

Albertie Griffeth Griffiths, "History of Elizabeth Carson Griffeth," unpublished, from family source.

Alice LaPreal Buxton Webb, "History of David Carson," unpublished, from family source.

"History of William Huff Carson, George Carson, and Egberts," unpublished, from family source.

"History of Utah," autobiographical sketch of William Huff Carson, pages 407-408.

Kate Carter, "Heart Throbs of the West," page 344.

Journal History of the Church, Historical Department, LDS Church.

B. H. Roberts, "A Comprehensive History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints," BYU, 1965.

Early Church Records File, 4th Floor, Genealogical Library, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Garden Grove Ward Records, Film #1923.

Garden Grove Meeting Minutes

Nauvoo Temple Records, Film #25,163, Part 2.

Seventies Records, Film #25,555.

1852 Bishops Report for South Cottonwood

Marriage Licenses for John and William Huff Carson; copy of Register of Marriage, Elizabeth Carson Griffeth.

Census Records: 1820, Mifflin County, Penn.

1830, Wayne County, Ohio

1840, Adams County, Illinois

1850, Decatur County, Iowa

GEORGE CARSON AND ANN HOUGH A Chronology of Their Lives

BY Jay Nielson

Preface

Chronological History of George and Ann Carson

Excerpts from the History of Elvira Egbert

History of David Carson

History of Elizabeth Carson Griffeth

History of William Huff Carson

George Carson

The Ancestry of Ann Hough Carson

Bibliography

GEORGE CARSON
AND
ANN HOUGH
A Chronology of Their Lives

BY
Jay Nielson